Heating apparatus



June 23; 1925.

F. PUENING HEATING AP ARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 23. 1924 INVE TOR WlTNESsES F. PUENING v HEATING :APPARATUS June 23, 1925.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 23, 1925. 1,542,957

F. PUENING HEATING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 25. 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 0 O G F 4 7 V/ 7 I If WITNESSES IN ENTOR g/rm' I M 7- Patented June 23, 1925.

UNITED STATES FRANZ PUENING, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

HEATING APPARATUS.

- Application filed January 23, 1924. Serial No.-688,017.

, To all whom it may concern.-

I Be it known that I, FRANZ PUENING, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Delafield Road, Aspinwall,

Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of- Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of heating furnaces, where it is necessary that the temperature be maintained uniform'and kept below the temperature of combustion of ordinary fuel.

More specifically my invention relates to a system of heating, wherein hot gases are pulsated back and forth rapidly in contact with the object or space to be heated, and are maintained at a desired temperature by adding new hot gases to them to compensate for the amount of heat, which they have given up to the object to be heated.

One object of my'present invention is to provide a system of heating in which a common means for reciprocation of hot gases is used for the operation of a plurality of furnaces.

' Another object of my invention is to provide means by which a proper share of the gases reciprocated by'the common means for reciprocation is directed to each of the furnaces connected thereto, and adequately distributed over {each furnace.

Another object of my invention is to provide means by which any one of the furnaces connected to the common means for reciprocation of gases may be cut off from it in order to allow inspection or repair and furthermore to provide means for adjusting the reciprocated volume of gases in proand the cost of operating it is kept at a minimum.

' pensive in investment and operation to have a piston for each furnace. It will also be seen that in my previous applications I have shown means for reciprocation in which pistons made of solid material were moved back and forth over enclosing walls also made of solid materials, so that tightness of the piston within the enclosure, and the prevention of leakage past the piston, de-

pended upon a close-touch between the is ton and the enclosing walls. This metod of sealin the piston within its enclosure, however ecomes rather difficult where the piston and the enclosure assume very large proportions due to the size or the number of furnaces served by the piston.

According to my present invention, I provide a water sealed bell for the reciprocation of gases through a plurality of furnaces, and provide each furnace with its own supply of fresh hot gases.

.Figure 1 shows this arrangement in ele vational view, in section, taken substantially on the line 1--1 of Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a plan view, partly in section taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical view, in section taken on the line 33 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a vertical'view, in section taken on the line 44 of Figure 1.

It is to be understood that my invention is in no way limited to the heating of any particular object or class of objects and that the structures shown in the drawings are intended merely to illustrate some of the many forms which my invention may take. Thus the furnace 25 in Figure 1 is shown containing a heating coil as used in oil cracking plants while the furnace 25 is shown containing a retort or mufile which may be used for many purposes.

The piston for reciprocation consists of a bell 1, which issecurely fastened to the vertical shaft 2 which is guided in bearings 3 and 4 and is moved up and down. by lever 5, connecting link 6 and connecting rod 7 which is actuated by crank 8 which is rotated by means of motor 9 and a set of speed reducing gears contained in the speed reducer 10.

The cylindrical portion of bell 1 is surrounded by a water seal 11 of annular shape, this seal representing the lower part of the cylindrical tank 12 which is closed by roof 13 through which shaft 2 extends into the open.

The total volume of gases contained in the cylindrical room formed by the cylindrical wall 12, roof 13 and foundation 14 is thus divided into two portions by means of bell 1. The portion of gases contained below the bell communicates through flue 15 with canal 16 and feeding flues 17 and 18. The portion of gases above the bell communicates through sealing pipe 19 and sealing cup 20 which is filled with water and flue 21-wi'th canal 22 and feeding flues 23 and 24. In moving the bell in an up wardly direction through operation of the motor 9, the gases contained in the spaces abovethe hell are presseddown through the sealing pipe 19- and flue 21 into the canal 22 and the feeding fiues 23 and 24, while at the same time a corresponding volume of gases is withdrawn from feeding flues 17 and 18 through canal 16 and flue 15, into the space below the bell. The two feeding flues 17 and 23 belong to furnace 25 and communicate with the storage chambers 2 and 27 and which in turn communicate with each other at point 28 where heat is sup plied into the furnace.

The heat for furnace 25 is first produced in combustion chamber 29 into which oil or gas or any other fueltogether with air is supplied through burner 30 and after complete combustion, the hot gases are conducted to point 28. When reciprocating the hell 1, as described above, the gases contained in the two chambers 26 and 27. are pushed up and down in such a manner that when the gases in the left hand chamber rise, the gases in the right hand chamber drop and vice- Versa, always passing through point 28 where they receive an increment of heat while they pass in either direction. Means for distribution of the reciprocated gases are provided between the feeding fiues 1723, and the gas storage chambers 26,27 which are located above them. These distributing means consist of perforated arches 32 (Fig. 3), the perforations being of such size that the distribution over the entire length of the feeding fines and storage chambers is as uniform as calculation permits in such installations. Adjustment of the perforations can, however, be accomplished by placing bricks 33 on top of them thus closing them partly.

The volume 'of gases contained in the spaces above and below the bell is sufficient to operate the maximum number of furnaces connected to the bell, which in the case shown, is two. "When one of the furnaces,

for instance 25 is ready for inspection or repair, it is taken out of operation by closing burner 30 and lowering dampers 35 and 36. Thereafter the stroke of the bell is reduced in proportion to the smaller volume of gases which is to be reciprocated after elimination of furnace 25. This is accomplished by changing the length of the lever 5 at the right hand of fulcrum 38. For this purpose a number of holes 394( 41 are provided in the rightarm of lever 5, the connecting rod 7 being connected to that one of the holes which will give the proper length of stroke for the reciprocation of the bell. Superfluous reciprocation of gases and waste of power is thus prevented and disturbance of the furnaces left in service. is avoided. It

is however, obvious that other means for adjusting the length of the stroke of the bell could be substituted for the simple method illustrated in Figure 1.

For each cubic foot of fresh combustion gas produced in the combustion chambers 29 and 42, a corresponding volume of waste gases must be released from the system and i new combustion gases at point 28 are ex-- pelled through stacks 4G and 47 ,their temperature is lowered and their available heat recovered through recuperator coils 50 and 51, which are located in the canals 16 and 22. in the neighborhood of the bell. The substance flowing through the inside of these coils may be air which is thus preheated and afterwards used in the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber 29 in Figure 1 a method already described in my earlier application of July 16, 1920. Or any other fluid or substance may be conducted through the recuperator-coils, as for instance, oil which in this fashion is preheated and subsequently distilled or cracked in the retort or still contained in the furnace 25.

. certain sense, an extension of the storage chamber, with the result that the latter may.

The new gases of combustion are introduced at point 28 which lies opposite to the points where the storage chambers 26 and 27 communicate with the room containing the bodies to be heated, or in other words, the bodies to be heated are interposed between the storage chambers for reciprocated gases and the supply for new hot gases. The mixture of old and new gases which forms at point- 28 is thus conveyed through the space lying between point 28 and that storage chamber toward which the mixture moves and at the moment when the stroke of the piston comes to a stop, the space is full of this mixture. This space may therefore be considered in'a therefore be reduced in size and with the further result, that also the reciprocating bell can correspondingly be reduced' in volume. This reduction in the size of the storage chambers and reciprocating devices is of great importance in large installations.

The particular arrangement of the hell 5 shown on the drawings is, of course, only an exemplification. Instead of reciprocating a double-action bell in a closed housing con-- sisting of foundations 14, cylindrical wall 12 and roof 13, with gas-fines connections above and below the bell, so that with one stroke both volumes of gases the one above and the one below the bell are affected, it is obviously possible to employ 2 single-action bells, each having a gas-flueconnection to the space below the bell only. The roof 13 and the upper portion of cylindrical wall 12 is then superfluous in each of the two bells. These two single-action: bells are then. operated in unison so that the volume below the one'increases while the volume below the other decreases and vice-versa,

It is also possible to use only one singleaction bell with a gas-flue connection below the bell leading into one of the gas distribut ing canals, for instance 16, while the other gas distributing canal 22 is directly connected to stack 46. ;Thus the gases are reciprocatedby the single action of one bell only. In this case the valve 48 in the stack 46 could be omitted and the stack serve as a continuous outlet -for the waste gases.

It is also obvious that the shape of the bell and the'water seal could be rectangular instead of round. For instance, inheating a long furnace, it would be best to place a long rectangular bell alongside of the furnace in a position arallel to it and to connect the furnace wlth the bell by a number of flues which are distributed over the length of the 2 structures.

Two large'recuperators are provided inthat instead of providing two large common recuperators, it would be possible to provide a pa'irof smaller recuperators for each furnace. These could, for instance, be placed in the individual feeding flues that belong to each furnace.

I claim as any invention:

1. In heating apparatus, means sealed in liquid for reciprocation of hot gases through the space to be heated;

2. In heating apparatus, the use of a piston sealed in liquid for pulsating heating ases back and forth through a space to be eated.

3. In heat transferring apparatus the use of a bell sealed in liquid for reciprocating gases back and forthfor the purpose of heat transfer.

4. A device for transferring heat from a heat-source to a receiver of heat, comprising a piston sealed in liquid for ulsating heatcarrying gases back and fort between said heat source and said receiver.

5. Heating apparatus comprising a heating'chamber, a llquid sealed bell adjacent to said chamber, connecting fiues between said I heating chamber and said bell and means for causing said bell to force heating gases ,sealed in liquid, walls enclosing the space through which said bell reciprocates, a flue connecting to the space below the bell and a flue connecting to the space above the bell,

said latte'r'flue passing through the bell.

proper and another water seal.

8. In a furnace, water sealed means reciprocating in an enclosure to cause flow of gases alternately in opposite directions, said enclosure having rts to permit the alternate discharge an aspiratlon of the gases, flues connecting to the ports, a heating chamber connecting with the ports and means for adding heat to the reciprocated gases.

9. In a gas storage chambers below said enclosure, a reciprocating bell adjacent to said enclosure, and fines connecting said bell and said storage chambers.

10. In a furnace, an enclosure to be heated, gas storage chambers below said enclosure, a reciprocating means adjacent to said enclosure, and fines connecting said'bell and said storage chambers, said flues connecting to the bottoms of said storage chambers.

11. In a furnace, an enclosure to be heated, gas storage chambers below said e11- furnace, an enclosure to be heated,

closure, a reciprocating means adjacent to said enclosure, flues connecting sald reciprocating means and said storage chambers, and heat recupera-tors in said connecting 5 fiues. 1

12. In a heating furnace, means for pulsating hot gases back and forth through a space to be heated and means for changing the volume of the pulsated gases.

13. In a heating furnace, means for pulsating hot gases back and forth through a space to be heated by means of a reciprocating device and means for changing the volume of the pulsated gases by changing the length of the stroke of the reciprocating device.

14:. Heating apparatus comprising a plurality of individual furnaces and common means for maintaining pulsation, back and forth, of hot gases in each furnace.

15. Heating apparatus comprising a plurality of individual furnaces, common means for reciprocating currents of gases through each furnace, and burners by which the temperature level of the reciprocated gases in ,each furnace can be kept at a different level.

16. Heating apparatus comprising a plurality of furnaces, common means for reciprocating gases through each furnace, individual means for regulating the temperature level of the reciprocated gases 'in each furnace, and common means for recuperating the waste heat from the surplus gases.

17. A furnace for heating individual objects under different temperature conditions, comprising common means for reciprocating gases over the individual objects, and individual means for apportioning said reciprocated gases and new gases of combustion to each object.

18. A furnace for heating individual objects under different temperature conditions, comprising common means for reciprocation of gases over the individual objects, means for apportioning reciprocated and new gases of combustion to each object, and common means for releasing the surplus gases.

19. In a heating plant for heating a plurality of heating chambers, common means for reciprocation of hot gases through all the heating chambers, and means for cutting off any one of the heating chambers from connection with the means for reciprocation of hot gases.

20. In a heating plant, for heating a plurality of heating chambers, common means for reciprocation of hot gases through all heating chambers, means for cutting on any one of the heating chambers from connection with the means for reciprocation, and means for adjusting the volume of reciprocated gases in proportion to the number of furnaces connected to the means for reciprocation'.

21. In a furnace, a heating chamber, storage chambers for hot gases in connection therewith, a reciprocating device adjacent to the furnace. connecting flues between the reciprocating device and the storage chambers, and means between the connecting flues and the storage chambers, whereby the reciprocated gases are distributed uniformly over the cross-sectional area of the storage chambers.

22. Heating apparatus, comprising a number of heating chambers, common means for reciprocation of gases therethrough, and means for varying the volume of gases re ciprocated through any one of the heating chambers by said common means for reciprocation 23. A heating plant comprising a number of furnaces, common means for reciprocating hot gases therethrough, means for controlling distribution of the reciprocated gases over the individual furnaces, and

means for cutting off any one of the furnaces from connection with the reciprocating device.

2/1. A heating plant comprising a. number of furnaces, common means for reciprocating hot gases theret-hrough, means for adding heat to the recip-rocated gases in each furnace, means for controlling distribution of the reciprocated gases in the furnaces, means for cutting off each furnace from connection With the reciprocating device, means for regulating the volume of the reciprocated gases in proportion to the number of furnaces left in service, and means for releasing the surplus waste gases from the system.

25. A heating plant comprising a number of furnaces, common means for reciprocating hot gases therethrough, means for adding heat to the reciprocated gases in each furnace, means for distributing the reciprocated gases over the furnaces, means for cutting off each furnace from connection with the reciprocating device, means for regulating the volume of the reciprocated gases in proportion to the number of furnaces left in service, means for recovering the available heat from the waste gases previous to their discharge and means for discharging the waste gases.

26. Heating apparatus, comprising an enclosure to be heated, means for reciprocating gases through said enclosure, and means for adding heat to the gases at a point substantially centrally located along the path of reciprocatory movement.

27. Heating apparatus, comprising an enclosure for surrounding a body to be heated, a storage chamber for gases at each end of the enclosure, means for reciprocating gases over the surfaces of said body, and means for feeding new hot gases into the enclosure at a point located substantially midway between the storage chambers.

28. In a. furnace, a combustion chamber, heating chamber, and connecting fl-ues leadmeans for'conducting the hot gases from ing from the storage chambers to opposite the combustion chamber mto a reclprocated sides of a reciprocating device.

gas current, a heating chamberon each side FRAiN Z PUENING. 5 of the point of-influx of the hot gases into Witnesses:

the reciprocated. gas current, a storage cham- -A. L. Bownn,

her for hot gases in connection wlth each J. K. MUNSTER. 

